ma veramente non c'è nessuno nessuno nessuno che può aiutarmi per tesi "depressione nei bambini???"
un bacio a tutti anche a chi non ha informazioni da darmi... smack!!!:mano:
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ma veramente non c'è nessuno nessuno nessuno che può aiutarmi per tesi "depressione nei bambini???"
un bacio a tutti anche a chi non ha informazioni da darmi... smack!!!:mano:
Ciao! Io ho fatto la mia tesi sulla depressione negli adolescenti, a te interessa solo sui bambini?
CIAO!Citazione:
Originalmente inviato da sildel82
grazie per la risposta...
sto preparando tesi sulla depressione nei bambini e adolescenti facoltà di bologna.....tu riusciresti a darmi qualche informazione utile? oppure mi faresti leggere la tua tesi? (anche pagando) spero non sia una richiesta inopportuna... ma sono abbastanza disperata...
anticipatamente ti ringrazio...:rolleyes:
Ciao! Ti posso dire che anche io ho avuto difficoltà nel reperire materiale. Ho consultato il testo di Braconnier "La depressione negli adolescenti" edito da Borla, questo però ha un'impronta quasi esclusivamente psicodinamica. Ho fatto molta ricerca su internet e le banche dati della mia università (trieste). Visto che il campo è molto esteso, tu su che aspetto pensavi di concentrarti?
sto trattando le diverse scuole di pensiero.... ma cio che voglio approfondire è l'aspetto dinamico e la il trattamento psicoanalitico....Citazione:
Originalmente inviato da sildel82
ma che casino... per quanto riguarda la psicoanalisi uno dice una cosa uno un altra e io non so cosa scrivere....
baciii
Bhè, se ti interessa l'aspetto psicodinamico il libro di Braconnier ti potrà essere molto utile, come anche guardare gli scritti della Klein e di Marcelli. Io ho scritto poco di loro, visto che a Trieste si studia molto poco la dinamica.
ciao,Citazione:
Originalmente inviato da sildel82
scusami il ritardo nella risposta...
grazie per le tue preziose informazioni....
potresti farmi sapere se è possibile consultare la tua tesi....
anticipatamente ti ringrazio
un bacio:mano:
Sorry, ma non ho più la versione word..cmq guarda in giro su internet, di solito qualcosa si trova.
io so che potresti aiutarti con i database....cerca tanti articoli....potrebbero darti qualche ideuccia...... è un argomento interessante il tuo....in bocca al lupo!!!!!!!!!:approved:
ma si tratta di una tesi sperimentale o compilativa?
non ci speravo più!!!!!Citazione:
Originalmente inviato da milena78
la mia tesi è compilativa.....hai qualche info???? non immagini quanto mi sarebbe d'aiuto..............
ti ringrazio per l'interesse anche se non potrai aiutarmi....
un bacio:bacetto:
Bibliografia utile sulla depressione in età adolescenziale:
Depression in Latino adolescents: A cultural discrepancy perspective. Céspedes, Yolanda M.; Huey, Stanley J. Jr.; Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, Vol 14(2), Apr 2008. pp. 168-172. [Journal Article] Abstract: Latino adolescents report high levels of depression compared to other youth, yet little is known about how culture-specific factors contribute to risk (Blazer, Kessler, McGonagle, & Swartz, 1994; Roberts, Roberts, & Chen, 1997; Roberts & Sobhan, 1992; Twenge & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2002). In this study we evaluated the link between cultural discrepancy (i.e., perceived acculturation and gender role disparity between children and their parents) and depression among children of Latino immigrants. Compared to boys, Latina adolescents reported greater differences in traditional gender role beliefs between themselves and their parents and higher levels of depression. Gender role discrepancy was associated with higher youth depression, with this relationship mediated by increases in family dysfunction. Moreover, a moderator analysis suggested that gender role discrepancy effects may be most pronounced for Latina adolescents. Gender role discrepancy was associated with poorer family functioning for girls but not for boys, although the interaction effect was only marginally significant. These preliminary results point to the importance of considering cultural discrepancy as a contributing factor to youth depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Risk and protective factors associated with trajectories of depressed mood from adolescence to early adulthood. Costello, Darcé M.; Swendsen, Joel; Rose, Jennifer S.; Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 76(2), Apr 2008. pp. 173-183. [Journal Article] Abstract: This study used semi-parametric group-based modeling to explore unconditional and conditional trajectories of self-reported depressed mood from ages 12 to 25 years. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 11,559), 4 distinct trajectories were identified: no depressed mood, stable low depressed mood, early high declining depressed mood, and late escalating depressed mood. Baseline risk factors associated with greater likelihood of membership in depressed mood trajectory groups compared with the no depressed mood group included being female, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino American, or Pacific Islander or Asian American; having lower socioeconomic status; using alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs on a weekly basis; and engaging in delinquent behavior. Baseline protective factors associated with greater likelihood of membership in the no depressed mood group compared with the depressed mood trajectory groups included 2-parent family structure; feeling connected to parents, peers, or school; and self-esteem. With the exception of delinquent behavior, risk and protective factors also distinguished the likelihood of membership among several of the 3 depressed mood groups. The results add to basic etiologic research regarding developmental pathways of depressed mood in adolescence and young adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Mental health of Somali adolescent refugees: The role of trauma, stress, and perceived discrimination. Ellis, B. Heidi; MacDonald, Helen Z.; Lincoln, Alisa K.; Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 76(2), Apr 2008. pp. 184-193. [Journal Article] Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to examine relations between trauma exposure, post-resettlement stressors, perceived discrimination, and mental health symptoms in Somali adolescent refugees resettled in the U.S. Participants were English-speaking Somali adolescent refugees between the ages of 11 and 20 (N = 135) who had resettled in the U.S. Participants were administered an interview battery comprising self-report instruments that included the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Index, the War Trauma Screening Scale, the Every Day Discrimination scale, the Adolescent Post-War Adversities Scale, and the Acculturative Hassles Inventory. Results indicated that cumulative trauma was related to PTSD and depression symptoms. Further, post-resettlement stressors, acculturative stressors, and perceived discrimination were also associated with greater PTSD symptoms after accounting for trauma, demographic, and immigration variables. Number of years since resettlement in the US and perceived discrimination were significantly related to depressive symptoms, after accounting for trauma, demographic, and immigration variables. Further research elucidating the relations between post-resettlement stressors, discrimination, and mental health of refugee adolescents may inform intervention development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Patterns of behavioral health conditions among adolescents in a juvenile justice system. Drerup, Lauren C.; Croysdale, Allison; Hoffmann, Norman G.; Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol 39(2), Apr 2008. pp. 122-128. [Journal Article] Abstract: Are psychologists sufficiently knowledgeable about the combinations and patterns of behavioral health conditions among adolescents in the juvenile justice systems? This study reports the findings of information collected through the use of a structured diagnostic interview used in routine evaluations within a state's juvenile justice system. The interview covers 7 conditions in sufficient detail to construct diagnostic algorithms for statistical analyses. Anonymous data from cases involving 519 males and 78 females contained data on major depression, manic episodes, panic attacks, posttraumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance dependence. Results showed that 92% of males met criteria for at least one disorder and 32% met criteria for three or more conditions. For females, the results were 97% and 60%, respectively. The findings suggest that routine assessment of adolescents entering juvenile justice systems should be a universal practice. Failure to identify and treat the conditions present is likely to result in further problems for the adolescents and future costs to society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
The ABCs of depression: Integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression. Hyde, Janet Shibley; Mezulis, Amy H.; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Psychological Review, Vol 115(2), Apr 2008. pp. 291-313. [Journal Article] Abstract: In adulthood, twice as many women as men are depressed, a pattern that holds in most nations. In childhood, girls are no more depressed than boys, but more girls than boys are depressed by ages 13 to 15. Although many influences on this emergent gender difference in depression have been proposed, a truly integrated, developmental model is lacking. The authors propose a model that integrates affective (emotional reactivity), biological (genetic vulnerability, pubertal hormones, pubertal timing and development) and cognitive (cognitive style, objectified body consciousness, rumination) factors as vulnerabilities to depression that, in interaction with negative life events, heighten girls' rates of depression beginning in adolescence and account for the gender difference in depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Risk and protective factors associated with trajectories of depressed mood from adolescence to early adulthood. Costello, Darcé M.; Swendsen, Joel; Rose, Jennifer S.; Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 76(2), Apr 2008. pp. 173-183. [Journal Article] Abstract: This study used semi-parametric group-based modeling to explore unconditional and conditional trajectories of self-reported depressed mood from ages 12 to 25 years. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 11,559), 4 distinct trajectories were identified: no depressed mood, stable low depressed mood, early high declining depressed mood, and late escalating depressed mood. Baseline risk factors associated with greater likelihood of membership in depressed mood trajectory groups compared with the no depressed mood group included being female, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino American, or Pacific Islander or Asian American; having lower socioeconomic status; using alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs on a weekly basis; and engaging in delinquent behavior. Baseline protective factors associated with greater likelihood of membership in the no depressed mood group compared with the depressed mood trajectory groups included 2-parent family structure; feeling connected to parents, peers, or school; and self-esteem. With the exception of delinquent behavior, risk and protective factors also distinguished the likelihood of membership among several of the 3 depressed mood groups. The results add to basic etiologic research regarding developmental pathways of depressed mood in adolescence and young adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Mental health of Somali adolescent refugees: The role of trauma, stress, and perceived discrimination. Ellis, B. Heidi; MacDonald, Helen Z.; Lincoln, Alisa K.; Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 76(2), Apr 2008. pp. 184-193. [Journal Article] Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to examine relations between trauma exposure, post-resettlement stressors, perceived discrimination, and mental health symptoms in Somali adolescent refugees resettled in the U.S. Participants were English-speaking Somali adolescent refugees between the ages of 11 and 20 (N = 135) who had resettled in the U.S. Participants were administered an interview battery comprising self-report instruments that included the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Index, the War Trauma Screening Scale, the Every Day Discrimination scale, the Adolescent Post-War Adversities Scale, and the Acculturative Hassles Inventory. Results indicated that cumulative trauma was related to PTSD and depression symptoms. Further, post-resettlement stressors, acculturative stressors, and perceived discrimination were also associated with greater PTSD symptoms after accounting for trauma, demographic, and immigration variables. Number of years since resettlement in the US and perceived discrimination were significantly related to depressive symptoms, after accounting for trauma, demographic, and immigration variables. Further research elucidating the relations between post-resettlement stressors, discrimination, and mental health of refugee adolescents may inform intervention development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Emergence of attributional style and its relation to depressive symptoms. Cole, David A.; Ciesla, Jeffrey A.; Dallaire, Danielle H.; Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol 117(1), Feb 2008. pp. 16-31. [Journal Article] Abstract: The development of depressive attributional style (AS) and its role as a cognitive diathesis for depression were examined in children and adolescents (Grades 2-9). In a 4-wave longitudinal study of 3 overlapping age cohorts, AS, negative life events, and depressive symptoms were evaluated every 12 months. Consistency of children's attributions across situations was moderately high at all ages. The cross-sectional structure of AS changed with age, as stability became a more salient aspect of AS than internality and globality. The structure of AS also changed, becoming more traitlike as children grew older. In longitudinal analyses, evidence of a Cognitive Diathesis × Stress interaction did not emerge until Grades 8 and 9, suggesting that AS may not serve as a diathesis for depression at younger ages. Results suggest that attributional models of depression may require modification before they are applied across developmental levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
FACTORS AFFECTING HOPELESSNESS LEVELS OF TURKISH PRETEENAGERS ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOL: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL. By: Yilmaz, Veysel; Sibel Türküm, Ayşe. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 2008, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p19-25, 7p, 1 chart, 1 diagram Abstract: This study was designed to determine the factors affecting hopelessness about the future of 10-12-year-old Turkish primary school students. Firstly, descriptive factor analysis was applied in order to determine the factors affecting hopelessness levels, then a structural equation model (SEM) was utilized to describe the relationship between the specified factors and hopelessness; these relationships were tested by LISREL 8.54. The results indicated that the preteenagers' level of hopelessness was adversely affected by support received from parents and friends. The hopelessness level was also significantly affected by the preteenagers' positive self-definition and parents' educational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 30104105)
EVALUATION OF INTERVENTIONS BASED ON DEPRESSION SIGN SCORES OF ADOLESCENTS. By: Bahar, Zuhal; Öztürk, Meryem; Beşer, Ayşe; Baykara, Ayşen; Eker, Gülşen; Çakaloz, Burcu. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 2008, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p123-134, 13p, 7 charts, 1 diagram Abstract: The aim in this study was to compare effects of problem-based group therapy and occupational therapy on depression scores six months after the Marmara earthquake in Golcuk. The study included 187 seventh grade students. Data were collected with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1981, Turkish version by Öy, 1991) and a sociodemographic form. The schools were randomly assigned into two groups, either to receive problem-based group therapy (Group A) or occupational therapy (Group B). CDI was administered before and after the therapies and depression sign scores were recorded. After the first and second sessions of the therapies, there was no significant difference in mean depression scores between both groups, but there was a significant decrease in CDI scores of the adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 30104115)
Symptomatologie et adaptation psychosociale des adolescents ayant un trouble dépressif cooccurrent à un trouble de comportement perturbateur. (French) / Symptomatology and Psychosocial Adaptation in Adolescents With Depressive Disorder and Comorbid Disruptive Behaviour Disorder. (English) By: Toupin, Jean; Corff, Yann Le; Pauzé, Robert. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Jan2008, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p43-51, 9p. Language: French Abstract (English): Objective: To describe symptomatology and specific psychological, social, and academic adaptation in adolescents with depressive disorder and comorbid disruptive behaviour disorder, as well as their family situation. Method: Using binomial logistic regressions, this study compares adolescents with depressive disorder and comorbid disruptive behaviour disorder (n = 25) with adolescents with the same behaviour problems but no comorbid depressive disorder (n = 99). Sex-specific interaction impacts are examined. Results: While both groups have several similar characteristics, youth with a dual diagnosis have more oppositional symptoms and poorer self-esteem. Analyses show no interaction impact from sex variable. Conclusions: Adolescents in both groups would benefit from similar interventions regarding disruptive behaviour disorders and some related problems, such as using psychoactive drugs, socializing with delinquent peers, and difficulty functioning in school. Adolescents with a comorbid depressive disorder need special attention, given the more significant oppositional symptomatology and the poorer self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 29995305)
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION AND A HISTORY OF SEXUAL ABUSE. By: Buzi, Ruth S.; Weinman, Maxine L.; Smith, Peggy B.. Adolescence, Winter2007, Vol. 42 Issue 168, p679-688, 10p, 1 chart Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence of depression among adolescents attending family planning clinics, and to determine the relationship among depression, a history of sexual abuse, and other risk behaviors. The sample consisted of 279 minority females. Results of the study indicated that 40 adolescents (14.3%) scored at or above a raw score of 77 for depression based on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS). This suggests that these adolescents should be identified for further evaluation. Results of the Stepwise Linear Regression indicated that a history of sexual abuse was the most potent factor in predicting depression. These findings highlight the importance of screening concurrently for depression and a history of sexual abuse in family planning and other healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 28031047)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL SUPPORT TO DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS DURING THE TRANSITION TO HIGH SCHOOL. By: Newman, Barbara M.; Newman, Philip R.; Griffen, Sarah; O'Connor, Kerry; Spas, Jayson. Adolescence, Fall2007, Vol. 42 Issue 167, p441-459, 19p, 6 charts Abstract: The transition to high school is studied as a time when students may experience disruptions in their social support systems. Peer support, family support, and school belonging were hypothesized to be associated with adolescent adjustment, specifically depressive symptoms. Participants included 104 eighth graders and 101 ninth graders from a middle- to high-income, predominantly white community in southern Rhode Island. In year 2, 60 of the original 8th graders were surveyed as 9th graders. Three hypotheses were examined: Social support declines from 8th to 9th grade; depressive symptoms increase from 8th to 9th grade; and social support is significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The hypotheses were tested using cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Results indicated that 9th graders experienced more depressive symptoms and lower levels of school belonging as compared to the 8th graders. Changes in parent support and peer support were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the transition to high school. Implications for increasing school belonging in the 9th grade are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 27420615)
Sociodemographic Differences in Depressed Mood: Results From a Nationally Representative Sample of High School Adolescents. By: Paxton, Raheem J.; Valois, Obert F.; Watkins, Ken W.; Huebner, E. Scott; Drane, J. Wanzer. Journal of School Health, Apr2007, Vol. 77 Issue 4, p180-186, 7p, 3 charts Abstract: Research on adolescent mental health suggests that prevalence rates for depressed mood are not uniformly distributed across all populations. This study examined demographic difference in depressed mood among a nationally representative sample of high school adolescents. Methods: The 2003 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey was utilized to examine the association between depressed mood and demographic variables. To examine demographic associations, chi-square and follow-up logistic regression models were created for the sample of high school adolescents (N = 15,214). Results: Caucasians and African Americans were significantly less likely to report depressed mood when compared to Hispanics and Others. Women were also more likely than men to report depressed mood. No significant differences were observed among levels of urbanicity and age. Conclusions: An understanding of the difference in the prevalence and correlates of depressed mood among adolescents of various ethnic/racial and gender groups deserves increased attention. Given the fact that challenges with depressed mood in adolescents can be substantial and relatively unrecognized, there is an increased need to identify these adolescents early and intervene with culturally appropriate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00189.x (AN 24421639)
Cognitive Features Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Directionality and Specificity. By: McCarty, Carolyn A.; Stoep, Ann Vander; McCauley, Elizabeth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Apr2007, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p147-158, 12p, 4 charts, 1 graph Abstract: In this study we examined cognitive features that have been posited to contribute to depressive vulnerability in adolescents. Using a longitudinal sample of 331 young adolescents followed from 6th to 7th grade, cross-lagged structural equation analyses were conducted. Controlling for baseline levels of depressive, conduct, and anxiety symptoms, low self-worth was associated with a vulnerability to both depressive symptoms and conduct problems, whereas rejection sensitivity was uniquely predictive of increases in anxiety. In support of cognitive "scar" models, baseline depressive and conduct problems were both predictive of a more negative attributional style. Depressive symptoms also predicted more rejection sensitivity, whereas conduct problems predicted lower self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1080/15374410701274926 (AN 24984444)
Perfectionism and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. By: Rice, Kenneth G.; Leever, Brooke A.; Noggle, Chad A.; Lapsley, Daniel K.. Psychology in the Schools, Feb2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p139-156, 18p, 4 charts, 2 diagrams Abstract: The Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale (AMPS; K.G. Rice & K.J. Preusser, 2002) was developed on samples of 9- to 11-year-old children. A primary purpose of the current research was to examine whether the AMPS could be useful in studies of adolescents, and in particular, studies of adolescent depression. This study of 145 early adolescents revealed (1) a somewhat different AMPS factor structure than has been evident in studies of younger children; (2) no significant mean differences between boys and girls on perfectionism, although girls were significantly more depressed than boys; (3) a pattern of perfectionism-depression correlations that differed somewhat between boys and girls; and (4) several interactions of different dimensions of perfectionism in accounting for depression. Results are discussed by addressing differences between children and adolescents in school cultures, physical and psychological changes from childhood to adolescence, and the importance of considering the positive as well as the negative aspects of perfectionism among school-age children. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 139–156, 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1002/pits.20212 (AN 23815555)
Più altri, se ti servono manda un PM
Buona vita
Guglielmo
E nei bambini:
FACTORS AFFECTING HOPELESSNESS LEVELS OF TURKISH PRETEENAGERS ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOL: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL. By: Yilmaz, Veysel; Sibel Türküm, Ayşe. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 2008, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p19-25, 7p, 1 chart, 1 diagram Abstract: This study was designed to determine the factors affecting hopelessness about the future of 10-12-year-old Turkish primary school students. Firstly, descriptive factor analysis was applied in order to determine the factors affecting hopelessness levels, then a structural equation model (SEM) was utilized to describe the relationship between the specified factors and hopelessness; these relationships were tested by LISREL 8.54. The results indicated that the preteenagers' level of hopelessness was adversely affected by support received from parents and friends. The hopelessness level was also significantly affected by the preteenagers' positive self-definition and parents' educational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 30104105)
Confronting Risk About Antidepressants for Children. By: Antonuccio, David. Ethical Human Psychology & Psychiatry, Fall2007, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p147-151, 5p; Abstract: The author discusses the importance of studying the benefits and risks of psychotropic medications for depression in children based on what he learned from Doctor Peter Breggin. He notes that Breggin was articulate and passionate in his delineation of the hazards of antidepressants when he testified at the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hearings on antidepressant-induced suicidality in children in February 2004. He emphasizes the need to have a balanced access to information about the benefits and risks of psychotropic medication. (AN 27465116)
Which tool is most useful in diagnosing bipolar disorder in children? By: Stephens, Mary M.; Bajaj, Jaya; Wallace, Rick. Journal of Family Practice, Oct2007, Vol. 56 Issue 10, p838-840, 3p; Abstract: The article cites studies which show that Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Parent Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS), and Parent General Behavior Inventory (P-GBI) are effective screening tests which can significantly increase or decrease the likelihood in diagnosing bipolar disorder in children and adolescence. These instruments are described to perform best when compared with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS), which is a semi-structured interview, along with clinical evaluation by a childhood mental health specialist. However, two consensus conferences suggest that there is no ideal test to diagnose bipolar disorder in children and adolescence, stressing that a diagnosis is best made by childhood mental health specialists based on multiple informants. (AN 27149482)
EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING, SELF-ESTEEM, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN OF AFFECTIVELY ILL PARENTS: AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING ANALYSIS. By: Abela, John R. Z.; Morrison, Eleshia; Starrs, Claire. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, Sep2007, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p849-869, 21p Abstract: The current study examined whether excessive reassurance seeking serves as a vulnerability factor to depressive symptoms in a sample of children of affectively ill parents using a multiwave longitudinal design and experience sampling methodology. In addition, we examined whether self-esteem moderates the association between excessive reassurance seeking and increases in depressive symptoms following increases in negative events. At Time 1, 56 children (ages 7--14) completed measures assessing excessive reassurance seeking, low self--esteem, and depressive symptoms. Subsequently, children were given a handheld personal computer (HP Jornada 690), which signaled them to complete measures assessing depressive symptoms and negative events at six randomly selected times over an 8--week follow--up interval. In line with hypotheses, higher levels of reassurance seeking were associated with greater increases in depressive symptoms following increases in negative events. Contrary to hypotheses, however, the strength of this association was not moderated by self--esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 26927492)
The Children's Depression Scale in Family Therapy: Hearing the Hurt. By: Tisher, Miriam. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, Sep2007, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p130-137, 8p Abstract: In this article I review the changes in thinking about childhood depression since the 1950s, with an emphasis on the struggles to find language for child- hood depression. My interface with these changes is described, with a particular focus on the development of the Children's Depression Scale (CDS). Clinical applications of family therapy using the CDS in treatment of childhood depression are then illustrated with a composite case example. The idea is developed that depression in children can be seen as a blocked communication, and that increasing emotional expressiveness in families is an appropriate therapeutic aim and intervention. The relevance of the historical context to current practice is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 26884836)
Withdrawal behavior and depression in infancy. By: Guedeney, Antoine. Infant Mental Health Journal, Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p393-408, 16p Abstract: This paper describes the history of the concept of infant depression, which has been at the beginning of the discipline of infant mental health, and reviews classification and diagnosis issues, along with some animal models. Several diagnostic criteria have yielded different prevalence rates, and some being unrealistic, but we still do not know when infant depression begins, what its outcome is, and what are its different aspects. It is suggested that infant depression needs a certain amount of emotional and cognitive development to unfold, and that it might not exist before 18–24 months of age, a crossover during which major autoreflexive, cognitive, and emotional abilities emerge. Depression could be an outcome of attachment disorganization in infancy, as depression and disorganization seem to share the same learned helpnessness psychopathological process. Developmental psychopathology considers trouble more from a dimensional point of view rather than from a categorical one, and more as the result of several factors with a sequential action rather than the effect of a genetic disorder with direct expression. Before the limit of 18–24 months, the concept of relational withdrawal seems more applicable and useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1002/imhj.20143 (AN 25847476)
The role of maladaptive appraisals in child acute stress reactions. By: Salmon, Karen; Sinclair, Emma; Bryant, Richard A.. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Jun2007, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p203-210, 8p Abstract: Objective. To test the prediction of cognitive models of trauma that negative. catastrophic appraisals central to the development of psychopathological stress reactions. Design, A cross-sectional, concurrent design was used. Methods. Sixty-six children (aged 7-13 years), who were hospitalized after traumatic injury were assessed within 4 weeks of their trauma for acute stress disorder, depression, and administered the Child Post-traumatic Cognitions Inventory (cPTCI). Parental acute stress was also assessed. Results. Children's negative appraisals of their ongoing vulnerability accounted for 44% of the variance of acute stress reactions in children. Injury severity, depression, age, and parental acute stress levels did not account for significant additional variance. Conclusions. The findings provide support for cognitive models of trauma adaptation and highlight the importance of assessing children's appraisals of their traumatic experience in order to develop effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1348/014466506X160704 (AN 25528826)
Childhood depression: a place for psychotherapy. By: Trowell, Judith; Joffe, Ilan; Campbell, Jesse; Clemente, Carmen; Almqvist, Fredrik; Soininen, Mika; Koskenranta-Aalto, Ulla; Weintraub, Sheila; Kolaitis, Gerasimos; Tomaras, Vlassis; Anastasopoulos, Dimitris; Grayson, Kate; Barnes, Jacqueline; Tsiantis, John. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Apr2007, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p157-167, 11p, 1 diagram Abstract: Although considered clinically effective, there is little systematic research confirming the use of Individual Psychodynamic Psychotherapy or Family Therapy as treatments for depression in children and young adolescents. A clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of these two forms of psychotherapy in treating moderate and severe depression in this age group. A randomised control trial was conducted with 72 patients aged 9–15 years allocated to one of two treatment groups. Significant reductions in disorder rates were seen for both Individual Therapy and Family Therapy. A total of 74.3% of cases were no longer clinically depressed following Individual Therapy and 75.7% of cases were no longer clinically depressed following Family Therapy. This included cases of Dysthymia and “Double Depression” (co-existing Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymia). There was also an overall reduction in co-morbid conditions across the study. The changes in both treatment groups were persistent and there was ongoing improvement. At follow up six months after treatment had ended, 100% of cases in the Individual Therapy group, and 81% of cases in the Family Therapy group were no longer clinically depressed. This study provides evidence supporting the use of focused forms of both Individual Psychodynamic Therapy and Family Therapy for moderate to severe depression in children and young adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1007/s00787-006-0584-x (AN 24823996)
Psychopharmacologic treatment of pediatric major depressive disorder. By: Boylan, Khrista; Romero, Soledad; Birmaher, Boris. Psychopharmacology, Mar2007, Vol. 191 Issue 1, p27-38, 12p, 2 charts Abstract: The role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in youth has received much attention in recent years due to concerns of efficacy and safety of the antidepressants for the treatment of MDD in youth. This review describes the existing published and unpublished literature regarding the efficacy and short-term safety of the antidepressants and decision-making process required for the use of these medications for youth with MDD. In addition, current continuation and maintenance treatments are discussed. In general, nine depressed youth must be treated with an antidepressant to obtain one clinical response above that achieved with placebo. To date, fluoxetine has showed the most consistent positive treatment effects. Depressed youth had also acutely responded to other antidepressants, but the response to placebo has also been high. Overall, the antidepressants are well tolerated, but 1–3 children and adolescents of 100 taking antidepressants showed onset or worsening of suicidal ideation and, more rarely, suicide attempts. There is a positive risk–benefit ratio for the use of antidepressants in the acute treatment of depressed youth. First-line antidepressant treatment with—or without—specific types of psychotherapy is indicated for youth with MDD of at least moderate severity. All youth taking antidepressants must be closely monitored for suicidality and medication side effects. Many youth will likely require psychotherapy or additional medication treatments to address comorbid disorders. Treatments to prevent relapses and recurrences require further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0442-z (AN 24109288)
Neuroimaging Studies of Children With Serious Emotional Disturbances: A Selective Review. By: Serene, Jane Avery; Ashtari, Manzar; Szeszko, Philip R.; Kumra, Sanjiv. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Mar2007, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p135-145, 11p Abstract (English): Objectives: To critically review and integrate, from a developmental perspective, recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of 4 childhood psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: We reviewed published reports in refereed journals. We briefly describe the major findings with respect to the brain morphometry, chemistry, and function of children with psychiatric disorders and synthesize the reports in a summary to update clinicians. Results: Some cortical grey matter abnormalities associated with schizophrenia appear to predate the onset of frank psychosis and continue to advance after the onset of psychosis, at least in more severe cases. Pediatric BD is associated with abnormalities in a circuit, thought to be involved in mood regulation, that encompasses the amygdala, striatum, and ventral PFC. Frontostriatal abnormalities are reported consistently in ADHD, potentially reflecting abnormalities in the development of cognitive control. Children with MDD show prefrontal cortical alterations that may differ in familial and nonfamilial subtypes of MDD. Conclusions: Results from neuroimaging studies of childhood psychopathology reveal abnormalities in the developmental trajectories observed in healthy children. Although MRI has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders, routine neuroimaging for children with severe emotional disturbances is not indicated for diagnostic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 24631193)
Antidepressants in child and adolescent depression: where are the bugs? By: Moreno, C.; Arango, C.; Parellada, M.; Shaffer, D.; Bird, H.. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Mar2007, Vol. 115 Issue 3, p184-195, 12p, 1 chart Abstract: Objective: To examine the data on the effect of antidepressant medication in depressed children and adolescents and the causes of the results obtained. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, supplemented by a manual search, and a search of public online information on paediatric antidepressant trials reviewed by regulatory agencies. Results: Data gathered from published and unpublished randomized controlled trials vary in their findings, with most of the studies showing a lack of efficacy characterized by a high placebo response rate. Conclusion: Differences from efficacy results with the same drugs in adult depression may be because of neurobiological developmental correlates, developmental differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, high rates of placebo response in children, and a number of methodological influences. There are several areas needing more attention in paediatric antidepressant clinical trials. Judicious use of published and unpublished studies to assess who may benefit from treatment with antidepressants seems warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00951.x (AN 23961537)
A Cognitive Diathesis-Stress Model of Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Juvenile Rheumatic Disease. By: Wagner, Janelle; Chaney, John; Hommel, Kevin; Andrews, Nicole; Jarvis, James. Children's Health Care, Winter2007, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p45-62, 18p, 3 charts, 1 graph Abstract: In this study we tested a cognitive diathesis-stress theory of depressive symptoms (i.e., learned hopelessness theory) in children with juvenile rheumatic disease (JRD). Participants ages 9 to 17 with JRD completed measures of depressive symptoms, perceived control over daily illness symptoms, and attributions for disease-unrelated negative events. Results revealed that general negative attributions were associated with greater depressive symptoms only under conditions of low perceived control, after controlling for disease and demographic variables. Findings support a cognitive diathesis-stress conceptualization of depressive symptoms in children with JRD, suggesting the importance of interventions that target both illness-related (i.e., perceived control) and unrelated cognitive appraisals (i.e., general negative attributions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1080/02739610701316878 (AN 25020773)
Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory and Depressive Disorder in Children. By: Vrielynck, Nathalie; Deplus, Sandrine; Philippot, Pierre. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Mar2007, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p95-105, 11p, 5 charts, 1 graph Abstract: Overgeneral autobiographical memory seems to be a stable cognitive marker in depressed adults and may predict persistence of depression. This study investigated whether depressive disorders in children are associated with overgeneral memory. Sixty children (ages 9 to 13 years) participated; 15 were diagnosed with lifetime depressive disorder, 25 had other lifetime psychiatric disorders, and 20 had no history of psychiatric disorder. Depressed children gave fewer specific memories compared to children with no or other psychiatric disorders, even after controlling for depressive mood, potential traumatic life events, verbal IQ, and verbal memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3601_10 (AN 28563241)
Cognitive Theories of Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Conceptual and Quantitative Review. By: Lakdawalla, Zia; Hankin, Benjamin; Mermelstein, Robin. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, Mar2007, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1-24, 24p, 3 charts Abstract: This paper quantitatively reviews longitudinal studies examining three central cognitive theories of depression—Beck’s theory, Hopelessness theory, and the Response Styles theory—among children (age 8–12) and adolescents (age 13–19). We examine the effect sizes in 20 longitudinal studies, which investigated the relation between the cognitive vulnerability–stress interaction and its association with prospective elevations in depression after controlling for initial levels of depressive symptoms. The results of this review suggest that across theories there is a small relation between the vulnerability–stress interaction and elevations in depression among children (pr = 0.15) and a moderately larger effect (pr = 0.22) among adolescents. Despite these important findings, understanding their implications has been obscured by critical methodological, statistical, and theoretical limitations that bear on cognitive theories of depression. The evidence base has been limited by poor measurement of cognitive vulnerabilities and over reliance on null hypothesis significance testing; these have contributed to a field with many gaps and inconsistencies. The relative paucity of research on developmental applications of such theories reveals that surprisingly little is known about their hypothesized etiologic mechanisms in children and adolescents. Ways to advance knowledge in the area of cognitive theories of depression among youth are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1007/s10567-006-0013-1 (AN 24410634)
Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children. By: Garnefski, Nadia; Rieffe, Carolien; Jellesma, Francine; Terwogt, Mark; Kraaij, Vivian. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb2007, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p1-9, 9p Abstract: The present study describes the development of the child version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-k). Like the adult version of the CERQ, the CERQ-k measures nine cognitive emotion regulation strategies that children may use after having experienced negative life events. The original CERQ was considered suitable for adults and adolescents aged 12 and older. The CERQ-k was constructed for children of 9, 10 and 11 years of age. The present study describes some psychometric properties of the CERQ-k and relationships with measures of depression, fearfulness and worry among 717 primary school youngsters. Principal component analyses confirmed the allocation of most items to subscales, while Cronbach’s alphas of most subscales exceeded 0.70. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies were found to be related to the reporting of symptoms of depression, fearfulness and worry, which provided some evidence for criterion-related validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1007/s00787-006-0562-3 (AN 24798634)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a six-year-old girl suffering from major depressive disorder with catatonic features. By: Esmaili, Taghi; Malek, Ayyoub. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb2007, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p58-60, 3p Abstract: ECT is generally both effective and safe in the treatment of adolescents, but treatment using ECT in children of pre-pubertal age has been less reported and is a controversial treatment. This article reports a 6-year-old girl who has been diagnosed as having major depressive disorder with catatonic features and 50% loss of weight due to food refusal. The seven-session ECT treatment with bilateral and brief pulse stimulation was successfully done. Propofol 1% was used for anesthesia. After the third session, the patient’s clinical improvement began by eating. As the ECT sessions went on the signs of depression and catatonic features completely resolved. There were no noticeable clinical side effects. ECT should be considered in severe cases of child psychiatric disorders where it is life threatening, as an effective and safe method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1007/s00787-006-0561-4 (AN 24798635)
CHILDHOOD EMOTIONAL MALTREATMENT AND THE STRESS GENERATION MODEL OF DEPRESSION. By: Uhrlass, Dorothy J.; Gibb, Brandon E.. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, Jan2007, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p119-130, 12p Abstract: Despite consistent support for Hammen's (1991, 1992) stress generation model of depression and support for the adverse effects of childhood emotional maltreatment on later functioning and vulnerability to depression, the relation between the two is unclear. Therefore, the primary aim of the current study of young adults was to examine whether changes in recent negative life events would mediate versus moderate the relation between childhood emotional maltreatment and prospective changes in depressive symptoms. We also examined whether the stress generation effect was specific to depressive symptoms. Changes in recent negative events mediated the relation between childhood emotional maltreatment and changes in depressive symptoms. Additionally, initial depressive symptoms, but not anxiety symptoms, contributed to prospective changes in negative life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN 24489270)
Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? By: Costello, E. Jane; Erkanli, Alaattin; Angold, Adrian. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, Dec2006, Vol. 47 Issue 12, p1263-1271, 9p, 2 charts Abstract: Background: Both the professional and the general media have recently published concerns about an ‘epidemic’ of child and adolescent depression. Reasons for this concern include (1) increases in antidepressant prescriptions, (2) retrospective recall by successive birth cohorts of adults, (3) rising adolescent suicide rates until 1990, and (4) evidence of an increase in emotional problems across three cohorts of British adolescents. Methods: Epidemiologic studies of children born between 1965 and 1996 were reviewed and a meta-analysis conducted of all studies that used structured diagnostic interviews to make formal diagnoses of depression on representative population samples of participants up to age 18. The effect of year of birth on prevalence was estimated, controlling for age, sex, sample size, taxonomy (e.g., DSM vs. ICD), measurement instrument, and time-frame of the interview (current, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months). Results: Twenty-six studies were identified, generating close to 60,000 observations on children born between 1965 and 1996 who had received at least one structured psychiatric interview capable of making a formal diagnosis of depression. Rates of depression showed no effect of year of birth. There was little effect of taxonomy, measurement instrument, or time-frame of interview. The overall prevalence estimates were: under 13, 2.8% (standard error (SE) .5%); 13–18 5.6% (SE .3%); 13–18 girls: 5.9% (SE .3%); 13–18 boys: 4.6% (SE .3%). Conclusions: When concurrent assessment rather than retrospective recall is used, there is no evidence for an increased prevalence of child or adolescent depression over the past 30 years. Public perception of an ‘epidemic’ may arise from heightened awareness of a disorder that was long under-diagnosed by clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01682.x (AN 23233049)
Risk factors for preschool depression: the mediating role of early stressful life events. By: Luby, Joan L.; Belden, Andy C.; Spitznagel, Edward. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, Dec2006, Vol. 47 Issue 12, p1292-1298, 7p, 3 charts Abstract: Background: Family history of mood disorders and stressful life events are both established risk factors for childhood depression. However, the role of mediators in risk trajectories, which are potential targets for intervention, remains understudied. To date, there have been no investigations of mediating relationships between risk factors and very early onset depression, a developmental period during which intervention may be more effective. The current study used regression analyses to examine the relationships between family history of mood disorders and stressful life events as risk factors for depression in a preschool sample. Method: Preschoolers 3.0 to 5.6 years of age participated in a comprehensive mental health assessment. Caregivers were interviewed about their children using a structured diagnostic measure to derive DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnoses and dimensional depression severity scores. Family history of psychiatric disorders and preschoolers’ stressful life events was obtained. Results: Both family history and stressful life events predicted depression severity scores 6 months later. Analyses examining the influence of family history of mood disorders and stressful life events on preschoolers’ depression severity demonstrated that stressful life events mediated the relationship between family history and preschoolers’ depression. Conclusions: Findings outline the key role of exposure to early stressful life events as a mediator of familial mood disorder risk in preschool onset depression. This finding in a preschool sample provides support for the hypothesis that psychosocial factors may have increased importance as mediators of risk in younger age groups. Findings suggest that psychosocial factors should be considered key targets for early intervention in depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01672.x (AN 23233052)
The Family Environment and Developmental Psychopathology: The Unique and Interactive Effects of Depression, Attention, and Conduct Problems. By: George, Carrie; Herman, Keith C.; Ostrander, Rick. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, Dec2006, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p163-177, 15p, 4 charts Abstract: Prior studies have found remarkable similarity in the family characteristics across a wide range of child psychopathologies. This study investigated the unique relationships between symptoms of depression, conduct problems/aggression, and inattention/hyperactivity and characteristics of the family environment. Parents and teachers completed multiple behavioral, emotional, and family measures to describe the characteristics of a community sample of 362 children. Results indicated that depression and conduct problems/aggression symptoms were uniquely associated with specific family environments. Both symptom clusters predicted family environments marked by less cohesiveness and intellectual/cultural pursuits and greater conflict. Depression alone was related to less expressiveness, independence, and activity, and to higher levels of control. Inattention/hyperactivity was not uniquely related to any aspect of family environment when controlling for depression and conduct/aggression problems, nor were combinations of symptoms. Findings are discussed with regard to implications for understanding clinical presentations, comorbidity, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1007/s10578-006-0026-5 (AN 22657585)
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Guglielmo