acufene e ipnosi

Ti mando degli abstracts che ho, comunque se digiti su google "tinnitus hypnosis" trovi parecchio materiale (acufene = tinnitus). Ciao e buon lavoro!

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008 Sep;139(3):391-4.
Tinnitus aurium in persons with normal hearing: 55 years later.
Del Bo L, Forti S, Ambrosetti U, Costanzo S, Mauro D, Ugazio G, Langguth B,
Mancuso A.
Fondazione Ascolta e Vivi, Milan, Italy. [email protected]
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silence on the appearance of auditory phantom perceptions in normal-hearing adults, with specific emphasis on the influence of suggestion. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three normal-hearing young Caucasian adults were subjected to two 4-minute sessions in an anechoic sound chamber. In the first session the chamber was empty; in the second session the chamber contained a nonfunctioning loudspeaker. At the end of each session, subjects had to indicate which sounds they perceived from a list of 23 different sounds. RESULTS: When the loudspeaker was not present, 83 percent of the participants reported that they experienced at least one sound, and the percentage increased to 92 percent when the loudspeaker was present. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the emergence of tinnituslike perceptions in a nonclinical population in a silent environment and indicate that suggestive mechanisms play only a minor role in their generation.

B-ENT. 2007;3 Suppl 7:75-7.
Ericksonian hypnosis in tinnitus therapy.
Maudoux A, Bonnet S, Lhonneux-Ledoux F, Lefebvre P.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Liège, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Ericksonian therapy on tinnitus STUDY DESIGN: Non-randomised, prospective longitudinal study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: A total of 49 patients underwent hypnosis therapy. Fourteen patients failed to finish the therapy (drop-out rate: 35%). Of the 35 patients who completed the therapy, 20 were male and 15 female. The average age was 46.3 years (range 17-78). INTERVENTION: The treatment is based on the principles and approaches of Ericksonian hypnosis. The first session was mainly dedicated to the evaluation of the impact of tinnitus on the patient's life and to an explanation of hypnosis therapy. The next sessions were "learning sessions" based on relaxation and mental imaging. Exercises were first based on all senses other than hearing. Then they focused on hearing, teaching patients how to modulate sound intensity, and finally how to modulate tinnitus intensity. Patients also learnt self-hypnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): To evaluate the effect of the treatment, tinnitus was assessed with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory questionnaire before and after the therapy. Results: After 5 to 10 sessions (mean: 8.09 + -1.92) of Ericksonian hypnosis therapy, the 35 patients were capable of self-hypnosis with the aim of modulating their tinnitus, and the measured THI score fell for all patients. The global score improved significantly from 60:23 before EH therapy to 16.9 at discharge. Within the group, the initial score was distributed as follows: 0% slight, 14% mild, 31% moderate, 31% severe and 23% catastrophic. The t-test for dependent variables revealed significant improvements in all subgroups (p < or = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this clinical trial demonstrate that Ericksonian hypnosis, in particular using self-hypnosis, is a promising technique for treating patients with tinnitus.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 May;264(5):483-8.
Ericksonian hypnosis in tinnitus therapy: effects of a 28-day inpatient multimodal treatment concept measured by Tinnitus-Questionnaire and Health Survey SF-36.
Ross UH, Lange O, Unterrainer J, Laszig R.
Practice for Otorhinolaryngology and Psychotherapy, Freiburg, Germany. [email protected]
For the first time, the therapeutic effects on subacute and chronic tinnitus of an inpatient multimodal treatment concept based on principles of Ericksonian hypnosis (EH) were examined by standardized criteria of the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) and Health Survey (SF-36) within a controlled prospective,
longitudinal study. A total of 393 patients were treated within an inpatient closed-group 28-day-setting based on a resource-oriented, hypnotherapeutic concept. The severity of tinnitus was assessed by TQ at times of admission, discharge and also at a 6- and 12-month follow-up. Health-related quality of life
was evaluated before and after therapy using the SF-36. After therapy, a decrease in TQ score was seen in 90.5% of the patients with subacute tinnitus and in 88,3% of those with chronic tinnitus. Assessment of the TQ score at the end of therapy revealed highly significant improvements of 15.9/14.1 points in mean. Effect sizes in the treatment groups (0.94/0.80) were superior to those in the
waiting-list controls (0.14/0.23). The TQ score remained stable in the follow-up controls. Significant improvement in health-related quality of life has been observed within the treatment groups depending on initial level of tinnitus serverity I-IV according to TQ. Using a multimodal treatment concept with
emphasis on resource-activating approaches of EH the annoyance of tinnitus can be significantly reduced while health-related quality of life is enhanced within a comparatively short treatment period of 28 days.

HNO. 2006 Oct;54(10):781-91.
[Inpatient infusion treatment for acute tinnitus with and without adjuvant psychotherapeutic intervention. A comparison of psychological effectiveness]
[Article in German]
Schildt A, Tönnies S, Böttcher S.
Fachbereich Psychologie, Universität Hamburg. [email protected]
Two groups of tinnitus patients (n=93) were recruited, one of which was treated with standard infusion therapy and further acute medical intervention, while the other obtained an additional psychotherapeutic intervention. Questionnaires and interviews were taken at beginning of the treatment, and 9 days and 3 years after treatment. The accompanying psychotherapeutic intervention consisted primarily of client-centered counseling, guided relaxation techniques from clinical hypnosis,
and some standard and tinnitus-related methods for a better coping with stress. After 9 days, both treatment groups showed significant improvement in several psychological characteristics. However, there was no evidence for the superiority of the combined treatment with psychological intervention. Psychotherapeutic treatment accompanying the acute medical treatment probably shows better
effectiveness in an ambulant setting with both patients and medical healthcare professionals rating it as 'very helpful'.This pilot study has contributed initial results for the integrated treatment of the acute tinnitus and has helped in the development of further therapeutic strategies as well as an evidence based concept for further evaluation. This study received one of the two scientific first prizes of the "German Tinnitus League".

Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 2005 Dec;108(12):1171-4.
[A case of fibromyalgia treated with medical and autogenic training]
[Article in Japanese]
Goto F, Asama Y, Nakai K.
Hino Municipal Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hino.
Fibromyalgia, which is relatively rare, may include symptoms of dizziness, vertigo and tinnitus. Subject was 38 years old woman reporting vertigo and whole body pain. Cochleovestibular function was normal. Pain was gradually intensified during her outpatient clinic and she was admitted. Treatments including intramusclular injection of botulinus toxin and intravenous injection of steroid were applied. Psychological counseling and autogenic training were effective in relieving her pain and vertigo. During her admission, several spells of vertigo occurred but no nystagmus was found. The abnormality in proprioception and neural disintegration may be related to vertigo. Treatment should start as early as possible together with psychological therapy.
Publication Types: Case Reports

Clin Evid. 2003 Jun;(9):598-607.
Update in: Clin Evid. 2004 Jun;(11):718-28.
Update of: Clin Evid. 2002 Dec;(8):523-32.
Tinnitus.
Waddell A, Canter R.
Southwest Training Scheme in Otolaryngology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Publication Types: Review

Br J Audiol. 1999 Aug;33(4):201-10.
A meta-analytic review of psychological treatments for tinnitus.
Andersson G, Lyttkens L.
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden. [email protected]
Meta-analysis is a technique of combining results from different trials in order to obtain estimates of effects across studies. Meta-analysis has, as yet, rarely been used in audiological research. The aim of this paper was to conduct a meta-analysis on psychological treatment of tinnitus. The outcomes of 18 studies, including a total of 24 samples and up to 700 subjects, were included and coded.
Included were studies on cognitive/cognitive-behavioural treatment, relaxation, hypnosis, biofeedback, educational sessions and problem-solving. Effect sizes for perceived tinnitus loudness, annoyance, negative affect (e.g. depression) and sleep problems were calculated for randomized controlled studies, pre-post-treatment design studies and follow-up results. Results showed strong to moderate effects on tinnitus annoyance for controlled studies (d = 0.86), pre-post designs (d = 0.5) and at follow-up (d = 0.48). Results on tinnitus loudness were weaker and disappeared at follow-up. Lower effect sizes were also obtained for measures of negative affect and sleep problems. Exploratory analyses
revealed that cognitive-behavioural treatments were more effective on ratings of annoyance in the controlled studies. It is concluded that psychological treatment for tinnitus is effective, but that aspects such as depression and sleep problems may need to be targeted in future studies.
Publication Types: Meta-Analysis

Laryngoscope. 1999 Aug;109(8):1202-11.
A review of randomized clinical trials in tinnitus.
Dobie RA.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7777, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Review reports of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in tinnitus to identify well-established treatments, promising developments, and opportunities for improvement in this area of clinical research. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review of RCTs (1964-1998) identified by MEDLINE and OLD MEDLINE searches and personal files. METHODS: Studies were compared with the RCT criteria of Guyatt et al. for quality of design, performance, and analysis; "positive" results were critically examined for potential clinical relevance. RESULTS: Sixty-nine RCTs evaluated tocainide and related drugs, carbamazepine, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, 16 miscellaneous drugs, psychotherapy, electrical/magnetic stimulation, acupuncture, masking, biofeedback, hypnosis, and miscellaneous other nondrug treatments. No treatment can yet be considered well established in terms of providing replicable long-term reduction of tinnitus impact, in excess of placebo effects. CONCLUSIONS: Nonspecific support and counseling are probably helpful, as are tricyclic antidepressants in severe cases. Benzodiazepines, newer antidepressants, and electrical stimulation deserve further study. Future tinnitus therapeutic research should emphasize adequate sample size, open trials before RCTs, careful choice of outcome measures, and long-term follow-up.
Publication Types: Review

Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 1996 Mar-Apr;46(3-4):147-52.
[Effects of relaxation therapy as group and individual treatment of chronic tinnitus]
[Article in German]
Winter B, Nieschalk M, Stoll W.
HNO-Universitätsklinik Münster.
42 patients, suffering from chronic tinnitus, participated in our psychological orientated treatment consisting of relaxation therapy with autogenic training according to J. H. Schultz. The results of individual therapy are compared with group therapy. Using visual analogy scales the therapeutical efficiency can be tested. The individual estimated loudness and annoyance of tinnitus are registered as well as a general emotional status. The results show a positive short-time effect in most cases. A reduction of tinnitus loudness and annoyance after individual and group therapy is seen directly. A positive effect throughout the whole treatment is only found in individual therapy. Concerning the group therapy, many of our patients reported an increase of the pretherapeutical estimation of tinnitus loudness and -annoyance. We believe that the permanent confrontation with the tinnitus problem may advance the psychological conflict in many cases. Therefore psychological management of tinnitus should be concentrated on a temporary limited support aiming to the neglect of tinnitus sensation.

J Laryngol Otol. 1996 Feb;110(2):117-20.
Client centred hypnotherapy in the management of tinnitus--is it better than counselling?
Mason JD, Rogerson DR, Butler JD.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, Derby, UK.
The aim of this study was to assess whether client centred hypnotherapy (CCH) which required three sessions with a trained therapist was superior to a single counselling session in reducing the impact of tinnitus. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either counselling (n = 42) or CCH (n = 44). The outcome measures were: tinnitus loudness match, subjective tinnitus symptom severity score, trend of linear analogue scale, request for further therapy and whether the patient had an impression of improvement in their tinnitus after treatment. CCH was no better than counselling in reducing the impact of tinnitus using the three quantative measures of tinnitus, and requests for further follow up. The only significant difference between the two therapies was that 20 (45.5 per cent) of the CCH group reported a general sense of improvement compared to six (14.3 per cent) in the counselling group, this is significant p < 0.01. The study did not demonstrate whether this was a genuine hypnotic effect or simply a response to the additional attention from the therapist.

Am J Clin Hypn. 1995 Apr;37(4):294-9.
Client-centered hypnotherapy for tinnitus: who is likely to benefit?
Mason J, Rogerson D.
Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom.
In this study we prospectively analyzed 41 patients, 15 females and 26 males with a mean age of 54, who underwent three sessions of client-centered hypnotherapy for their tinnitus. Of these patients, 28 (68%) showed some benefit for their tinnitus 3 months after completing their hypnosis, and 13 (32%) showed no evidence of improvement for their tinnitus. Hearing loss was associated with a
nonbeneficial outcome for tinnitus treated with hypnotherapy. Of the nonbeneficial group, 46% had a hearing loss of 30 db or more in their better-hearing ear compared to less than 15% in the beneficial group, a significant difference (X2 = 6.34, df = 1, p < 0.02). Client-centered hypnotherapy can be offered to anyone who wants to have therapy for their tinnitus; in those with significant hearing loss the benefit may be less.

Ear Nose Throat J. 1994 May;73(5):309-12, 315.
Hypnosis as an aid for tinnitus patients.
Kaye JM, Marlowe FI, Ramchandani D, Berman S, Schindler B, Loscalzo G.
Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.
This study was undertaken to evaluate hypnosis versus stress management as therapeutic modalities in the treatment of tinnitus. Participants were recruited from the local tinnitus association and the Otolaryngology Division of the Department of Surgery. The instruments were the following standardized tests (NIMH Diagnostic Int. Schedule; SCL 90R, Beck Depression Inventory) in addition
to a tinnitus questionnaire. Improvement was shown on 5 separate scales, some alleviated by both types of treatment and others singularly by hypnosis or stress management. The data reinforce the use of behavioral techniques and suggest that different techniques may be more appropriate for specific symptoms.

Audiology. 1993 May-Jun;32(3):205-12.
Comparison between self-hypnosis, masking and attentiveness for alleviation of chronic tinnitus.
Attias J, Shemesh Z, Sohmer H, Gold S, Shoham C, Faraggi D.
Institute for Noise Hazards Research and Evoked Potentials Laboratory, IDF Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
The efficacy of self-hypnosis (SH), masking (MA) and attentiveness to the patient's complaints (AT) in the alleviation of tinnitus was evaluated. Forty-five male patients close in age with chronic tinnitus related to acoustic trauma were assigned to three matched subgroups: SH, AT or MA. The therapeutic
stimuli in the SH and MA sessions, recorded on audio cassettes, were given to the patients for use when needed. SH significantly reduced the tinnitus severity; AT partially relieved the tinnitus; MA did not have any significant effect.

Am J Clin Hypn. 1991 Apr;33(4):254-62.
Client-therapist collaboration in the preparation of hypnosis interventions: case illustrations.
Cochrane GJ.
Therapists can use hypnosis in a variety of situations to help clients utilize their own resources effectively. In both heterohypnosis and tape-assisted self-hypnosis, the respectful collaboration of therapist and client in the development of specific intervention strategies can be effective. I have
described four cases to illustrate the collaborative aspect of heterohypnosis in a surgical setting and tape-assisted self-hypnosis for anxiety, tinnitus, and situational depression. In each case the clients were willing and able participants.
Publication Types: Case Reports

Scand Audiol. 1990;19(4):245-9.
Efficacy of self-hypnosis for tinnitus relief.
Attias J, Shemesh Z, Shoham C, Shahar A, Sohmer H.
Institute for Noise Hazards Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
The efficacy of self-hypnosis (SH) on tinnitus relief was compared with two control procedures: 1) presentation of a brief auditory stimulus (BAS) to the ear with tinnitus; 2) waiting list (WL), i.e. patients receiving no formal treatment. The results have shown that 73% of SH subjects reported disappearance of tinnitus during treatment sessions, as compared with only 24% in the BAS group. Moreover, the short-term (1 week) and long-term (2 months) symptom profiles of only SH subjects revealed a significant improvement. Thus, SH may well be a beneficial method for the relief of tinnitus.

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1986;40(3):487-91.
Treatment of tinnitus with alternative therapy.
Bentzen O.
Publication Types: Case Reports

Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1985 Feb;10(1):43-6.
A controlled trial of hypnotherapy in tinnitus.
Marks NJ, Karl H, Onisiphorou C.
A group of 14 patients with unilateral tinnitus were selected because of the constant nature of their tinnitus, and its resistance to all other forms of therapy. They were subjected to hypnosis in three forms in random order. The induction of a trance state alone formed the control arm of the trial. Compared to this were the effects of 'ego boosting' and active suppression of tinnitus whilst in a trance state. One of the 14 patients showed a highly significant response to the latter treatment as judged by visual analogue scales. Five of the 14 patients (36%) found the induction of a hypnotic state of value. This seemed to help them tolerate their tinnitus better, although its loudness and quality were unaltered.

Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1983 Apr;31(2):90-7.
An alternative method of treating tinnitus: relaxation-hypnotherapy primarily
through the home use of a recorded audio cassette.
Brattberg G.

Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1981 Apr;60(4):220-3.
[Conservative therapy of tinnitus (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Naujoks J, Lotter E.
Conservative therapy of tinnitus presents a theme that is controversial, since the usefulness of almost all the proposed treatments is rarely based on scientific-experimental evidence. The blocking of the stellate ganglion, electric stimulation of the cochlea and the anaesthesia of the plexus tympanicus belong to the domain of surgical treatment methods of tinnitus. Drug therapy is the mainstay of treatment; our own measures are demonstrated. We attempt to give a hypothetic pharmacological interpretation of the efficacy of some drugs that derive essentially from diethylaminoethanol and the group of methylexanthines. We also mention the physical treatment methods such as tinnitus masker, ultrasound and physiotherapy as well as acupuncture. Finally, the more recent psychotherapeutic treatment-modalities, for example biofeedback, hypnosis and medical sleep are mentioned.

Am J Clin Hypn. 1973 Jan;15(3):162-5.
Effective treatment of tinnitus through hypnotherapy.
Marlowe FI.

Prensa Med Argent. 1961 Feb 17;48:444-6.
[Tinnitus and hypnosis. Preliminary report.]
[Article in Spanish]
CUROTTO COSTA D.

Can Med Assoc J. 1958 Mar 15;78(6):426-7.
Hypnosis for tinnitus.
GUILD J.

Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1948 Feb;59(2):265-7.
Objective tinnitus aurium; report of a case with recovery after hypnosis.
PEARSON M, BARNES LJ.