Pnl

[bella primavera]

in effetti la pnl va fatta e non detta!

[Mr Consoli]

La PNL è la scienza che studia l'eccellenza umana e permette di creare dei modelli su cui basarsi per replicare(modellamento chiamato in pnl) i risultati di chi ha già avuto successo!
La pnl insegna come utilizzare la nostra mente per raggiungere le nostre mete! Fantastica direi!

a Presto

[Oggisonoio]

Il problema è che non è scientifica. Ci sono state anche delle verifiche effettuate da delle università serie che hanno cercato delle relazioni scientifiche vedi
Che cos'è la PNL? E Funziona?
ma non sono state prove scientifice in tal senso.
E' sicuramente una teoria di riferimento che in certi casi e fatta da certe persone riesce molto bene vedi Robbins in america o Roberto Re in Italia.
Le cose a volte sono più semplici di quelle che sembrano

[bella primavera]

La pnl, non è nata per avere conferme scientifiche, comunque se è vero che esistono studi che la no trovano corrispettivi, altri invece, sembrerebbero confermare molte ipotesi della pnl.

[Oggisonoio]

La pnl, non è nata per avere conferme scientifiche, comunque se è vero che esistono studi che la no trovano corrispettivi, altri invece, sembrerebbero confermare molte ipotesi della pnl.

Hai qualche rifeimento di questi studi di cui tu parli?

[bella primavera]

eccone alcuni

Eye movement as an indicator of sensory components in thought.
Buckner, Michael; Meara, Naomi M.; Reese, Edward J.; Reese, Maryann; Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 34(3), Jul 1987. pp. 283-287. [Journal Article] Abstract: This study investigated a claim of the Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) eye movement model, which states that specific eye movements are indicative of specific sensory components in thought. Forty-eight graduates and undergraduates were asked to concentrate on a single thought while their eye movements were videotaped. They were subsequently asked to report if their thoughts contained visual, auditory, or kinesthetic components. Two NLP-trained observers independently viewed silent videotapes of participants concentrating and recorded the presence or absence of eye movements posited by NLP theorists to indicate visual, auditory, or kinesthetic components in thought. Coefficients of agreement (Cohen's K) between participants' self-reports and trained observers' records indicate support for the visual (K = .81, p < .001) and auditory (K = .65, p < .001) portions of the model. The kinesthetic (K = -.15, p < .85) portion was not supported. Interrater agreement (K = .82) supports the NLP claim that specific eye movement patterns exist and that trained observers can reliably identify them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
HTML Full Text PDF Full Text (620K)


Observations concerning research literature on neuro-linguistic programming.
Einspruch, Eric L.; Forman, Bruce D.; Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 32(4), Oct 1985. pp. 589-596. [Journal Article] Abstract: Discusses 6 categories of design and methodological errors contained in 39 empirical studies of neurolinguistic programming (NLP) documented through April 1984. NLP refers to a way of organizing and understanding the structure of subjective experience and is concerned with the ways in which people process information (through visual, auditory, or kinaesthetic modes). The 6 categories of errors found in the literature include lack of understanding of the concepts of pattern recognition and inadequate control of context, unfamiliarity with NLP as an approach to therapy, lack of familiarity with the NLP meta-model of linguistic communication, failure to consider the role of stimulus-response associations, inadequate interviewer training and definitions of rapport, and logical mistakes. Representative reports reflecting each category are discussed. Suggestions are offered for improving the quality of research on NLP. (49 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
HTML Full Text PDF Full Text (958K)

Visual-kinesthetic dissociation in treatment of victims of rape.
Koziey, Paul W.; McLeod, Gordon L.; Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol 18(3), Jun 1987. pp. 276-282. [Journal Article] Abstract: A visual-kinesthetic (V-K) dissociation procedure of neurolinguistic programming (NLP) was used in treating rape-induced anxiety and phobic reactions in 2 18- and 19-yr-old rape victims. NLP theory suggests that anxiety reactions experienced by rape victims is a function of the interrelated processes of synesthesia and anchoring. In these 2 case reports, the use of the V-K dissociation technique is explored. From this preliminary basis, further research entailing the use of this treatment procedure is suggested. Implications for clinical practice are noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
HTML Full Text PDF Full Text (806K)

Research findings on neurolinguistic programming: Nonsupportive data or an untestable theory?
Sharpley, Christopher F.; Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 34(1), Jan 1987. pp. 103-107. [Comment/Reply] Abstract: In an earlier review of the experimental literature on neurolinguistic programming (NLP), the present author (see record 1984-21020-001) concluded that the effectiveness of this therapy was yet to be demonstrated. In their comment on that review, E. L. Einspruch and B. D. Forman (see record 1986-08199-001) agreed with this conclusion but suggested that it was due to the presence of methodological errors in the research on NLP to date and that the efficacy of NLP was open to debate. In the present article, it is contended that those suggestions were based on misconceptions regarding the factors that limit the methodological worth of research. Several of the detailed criticisms from that review are refuted, and data from 7 recent studies that further demonstrate that research data do not support either the basic tenets of NLP or their application in counseling situations are presented. Implications for the use of NLP in counseling research or clinical practice are discussed. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
HTML Full Text PDF Full Text (524K)

Observations concerning research literature on neuro-linguistic programming.
Einspruch, Eric L.; Forman, Bruce D.; Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 32(4), Oct 1985. pp. 589-596. [Journal Article] Abstract: Discusses 6 categories of design and methodological errors contained in 39 empirical studies of neurolinguistic programming (NLP) documented through April 1984. NLP refers to a way of organizing and understanding the structure of subjective experience and is concerned with the ways in which people process information (through visual, auditory, or kinaesthetic modes). The 6 categories of errors found in the literature include lack of understanding of the concepts of pattern recognition and inadequate control of context, unfamiliarity with NLP as an approach to therapy, lack of familiarity with the NLP meta-model of linguistic communication, failure to consider the role of stimulus-response associations, inadequate interviewer training and definitions of rapport, and logical mistakes. Representative reports reflecting each category are discussed. Suggestions are offered for improving the quality of research on NLP. (49 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
HTML Full Text PDF Full Text (958K)
ed altri su quest'altro link!

http://www.neurolinguistic.com/pnl/a...cientifica.htm

[bella primavera]

c'è anche questo studio del 2006.
Michael, Mera Naomi. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1987. Questo studio
investigò luno degli assunti di base della Programmazione Neuro Linguistica
relativamente alla correlazione tra movimenti oculari e accesso a una specifica
componente sensoriale. A quarantotto soggetti fu chiesto di concentrarsi su un
singolo pensiero mentre i loro occhi venivano videoripresi. Successivamente fu
chiesto loro di indicare se il pensiero su cui si erano concentrati conteneva
componenti visive, auditive o cenestesiche. Due osservatori indipendenti videro poi
i filmati e registrarono la presenza o l’assenza dei movimenti oculari così come
teorizzato dalla PNL. I coefficienti di matching (Coefficienti di Cohen) tra le
indicazioni tratte dai 2 osservatori indipendenti e le dichiarazioni dei 48 soggetti sul
proprio pensiero, indicò che il valore ottenuto (K = 0.82) supportava l’assunto di
partenza relativamente alla correlazione tra movimenti oculari e la componente
sensoriale associata.
 “Experience-Dependent eye movement, awareness and Hippocampus-
Dependent Memory”. Christine Smith, Ramona O. Hopkins, Larry R. Squire.
Journal of Neuroscience, 2006. Questo studio fu fatto per scoprire il tipo di memoria
operativa quando i movimenti oculari cambiano in funzione di un’esperienza
diversa. Ai partecipanti alo studio furono mostrate scene viste in anteprima una
volta sola, scene ripetute e scene manipolate (ad esempio introducendo piccole
variazioni in una porzione della scena). I movimenti oculari differirono in relazione
allo storico delle immagini viste in precedenza. I soggetti fissavano in memoria
piccole parti delle scene quando si trattava di scene ripetute rispetto a scene nuove.
Quando le scene furono alterate i soggetti fissarono più parti nella regione
10
modificata trascorrendo più tempo a guardare la porzione alterata e facendo più
transizioni dentro/fuori la regione alterata in confronto alle parti non cambiate nelle
immagine ripetute. Questi effetti si registrarono solo per quegli individui che erano
consapevoli delle alterazioni. I soggetti ignari guardavano le scene allo stesso
modo in cui guardavano le scene ripetute. In questo modo non vi era alcuna
indicazione che i movimenti oculari potessero rivelare una forma di coscienza o
incoscienza dei dati memorizzati. Invece i movimenti oculari riflettevano lo stato
della memoria cosciente laddove la scena era manipolata. Il comportamento era
analogo quando la consapevolezza della modifica era verificato in seguito alla
visione di tutte le scene e dopo aver presentato preventivamente ogni scena.
Successivamente a soggetti con lesioni all’ippocampo fu fatto stabilire se le
immagini erano nuove, ripetute o manipolate. La capacità di richiamare ricordi visivi
sembrava associata a una dipendenza dall’attività dell’ippocampo, indicando così
che le esperienze dipendenti dai movimenti oculari in risposta alla visualizzazione di
scene parzialmente alterate, mostravano l’accesso a una memoria cosciente
dichiarativa associata alla memoria dipendente dall’ippocampo.
È inoltre interessante osservare questa nota che appare nell’articolo: “In some
cases, when behavior is changed by experience, it is unclear what kind of memory
is being expressed. For example, when individuals view novel scenes, familiar
scenes, or familiar scenes in which a change has been introduced, eye movements
across the scenes differ depending on the past viewing history of each scene
(Yarbus, 1967Go; Althoff and Cohen, 1999Go; Ryan et al., 2000Go). The question
naturally arises as to what kind of memory is indexed by eye movements? On the
one hand, eye movements could reflect conscious, declarative memory and
correlate with other conventional measures of remembrance like recall and
recognition (Manns et al., 2000Go). In support of this possibility, experiencedependent
eye movements are often dependent on the hippocampus and related
structures (McKee and Squire, 1993Go; Ryan et al., 2000Go; Zola et al., 2000Go;
Nemanic et al., 2004Go). On the other hand, experience-dependent eye
movements have been reported to occur in the absence of conscious memory for
past events (Ryan et al., 2000Go). Such a finding would mean that eye
movements can reveal the effects of past experience independent of an
individual's conscious recollection of the experience.” (10).