CHI PUò FARMI QUESTA TRADUZIONE AL VOLO?
- 1.Genetic and Structural Causes
It is a fact that there is an increase in psychic disorders in ID conditions
linked to specific genetic anomalies.
It is hypothesized that genes linked to psychiatric disorders are involved
in these pathologies or at least in functions favouring the appearance of
psychiatric disorders. It is probable that these genes become decisive if
inserted in a particular genetic constellation, at limits only due to the
fact that this leads to modification of functions that cause greater
sensitivity to environmental pathogenic factors.
ID is caused by a deficiency in the functional ability of the cerebral
cortex. This deficiency, at least in most cases, probably involves large
areas if not the whole neocortex, but with various degrees of deficit or
potentiality in different areas or functions. In fact, this must be presumed
to be the cause of the differences in intelligence characteristics found in
the several pathologies causing ID (for example, the varying cognitive
phenotypes in Down syndrome, in the X-Fragile syndrome, in Williams
syndrome, etc.).
There are also predispositions to specific psychiatric pathologies typically
more frequent in some forms of ID: for example, the greater frequency of
situations like attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and
pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in subjects with X-Fragile syndrome.
In these cases, it is logical to maintain that the genetic anomaly itself
predisposes to the psychiatric pathology, which however only emerges in
patients in which there is a particular genotypical combination or
epigenetic situation.
2. Psychological-Relational Causes
A subject having reduced intellectual capabilities is less able to organize
and control his emotions. This creates unfavorable conditions in regard to
his environment, starting from his first dual relationship (mother-child),
but probably above all in his subsequent broader social interrelationships.
These subjects find it difficult to activate adequate coping mechanisms when
facing daily stress, a condition in which reduced critical ability and
emotional control probably plays a role. The end result is an objectively
greater difficulty in facing relationships, caused by the discomfort and
insecurity the subject feels with other people as a result of his cognitive
problems.-
GRAZIE
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